The total amount of direct losses inflicted on Ukraine's infrastructure due to Russia's full-scale invasion reached nearly $170 billion by November 2024, which is $12.6 billion more than at the beginning of 2024, reported the press service of the Kyiv School of Economics (KSE).
According to estimates by KSE analysts, the Ministry of Community and Territorial Development, and the Ministry of Economy, the most significant losses were incurred in the residential sector, transportation infrastructure, and energy.
The residential sector remains the most affected, with direct losses estimated at $60 billion. As of November 2024, 236,000 residential buildings have been damaged or destroyed, including 209,000 private houses, 27,000 apartment buildings, and another 600 dormitories. Regionally, the most extensive destruction occurred in the Donetsk, Kharkiv, Luhansk, Kyiv, Chernihiv, and Kherson regions, according to the study.
The losses in transportation infrastructure are estimated at $38.5 billion. More than 26,000 km of roads have been damaged or destroyed, valued at $28.3 billion. Losses in rail transport amount to $4.3 billion, port infrastructure losses are $0.85 billion, and the aviation sector has incurred $2 billion in losses. Direct losses in private passenger vehicles are estimated at $2.2 billion, with 260,000 cars destroyed or damaged.
The energy sector of Ukraine has lost $14.6 billion. As a result of attacks, the Kakhovska and Dnipro HPPs, as well as the Tripolsk and Zmiev thermal power plants, were completely destroyed, and a significant portion of generating capacities, high-voltage substations, and oil and gas infrastructure facilities have been damaged or destroyed.
Experts estimate that the industry, construction, and service sectors have incurred losses of $14.4 billion. Enterprises have lost equipment, production facilities, and logistics capabilities. As of November 2024, nearly five hundred large and medium-sized private and state enterprises have been destroyed or severely damaged.
KSE has estimated losses in the agro-industrial complex at $10.3 billion. More than 130,000 units of agricultural machinery have been lost, with 4 million tons of grain storage facilities and 16,000 hectares of perennial crops destroyed or damaged. The forest fund has also suffered significant losses—298,000 hectares of forests have been damaged due to hostilities and fires, with losses estimated at $4.5 billion.
Losses in educational infrastructure are estimated at $7.3 billion. During the full-scale invasion, more than 4,000 educational institutions have been damaged or destroyed, including 229 schools, 110 kindergartens, and 97 universities.
The healthcare sector has lost $4.3 billion. Hospitals, clinics, and other medical institutions have been hit. A total of 1,554 medical facilities have been damaged, including 515 hospitals and 465 outpatient clinics.
Cultural heritage, sports, and tourism facilities have suffered destruction amounting to $4 billion. A total of 3,921 cultural sites, 399 religious buildings, and 343 sports complexes have been affected.
The housing and communal services sector has lost $3.5 billion. Significant damage has been inflicted on 925 boiler houses, 214 central heating points, and over 354 km of heating networks.
Digital infrastructure and the telecommunications sector have incurred direct losses of $1.2 billion. Internet networks, mobile radio networks, and trunk communication lines have been damaged. In de-occupied territories, network destruction sometimes reached 100%, with thousands of mobile communication base stations destroyed, analysts concluded.